The slag into the F11 is very narrow ( Dining table 8 ), but it reveals the highest FeO focus within the glassy matrix (16.step step threewt%FeO). not, in some parts, Fe aluminosilicates (just like people including included in E13) is actually focused inside clusters of freshly shaped deposits ( Fig 17 ). As with E13 above, these were most likely absorbed about porcelain matrix for the which extremely thin slag, to provide other factor for Fe enrichment of glassy matrix.
Remember that there are not any metal levels doing. This type of deposits are located in extremely particular areas of the newest slag. (Size = dos5?m).
Cu-rich prills are present in both samples. In E13 all prills are pure Cu with minor amounts of Fe (<2wt%Fe) and only in one case 0.8wt%As was detected. Bright red cuprite exsolutions around metallic Cu clusters are also identified, which could be the result of a re-oxidation process due to the variable redox conditions ( Fig 16 ). In F11, prills are not metallic, but Cu silicates with As2O3 ranging from 3.3wt%As2O3 to 8.5wt%As2O3 and FeO below 1.7wt%FeO.
Total, no clear copper ore relicts is identified in line with the shipments regarding mineral levels otherwise microanalytical show. Since the presence away from copper silicates inside the F11 is actually effective regarding an excellent smelting procedure, the data can’t be taken to conclusively indicate whether smelting or melting took place on these 
ships. If smelting performed take place, the newest relatively low CaO and MgO on the slag, using the presence out of PbO when you look at the E13 as well as the additional contamination throughout the Cu prills manage strongly recommend the utilization of some other nutrients compared to prior category.
Direct isotopes
Lead isotopes result of this new slag on five crucibles analysed do not let you know radiogenic opinions; them was basically anywhere between – into the 206 Pb/ 204 Pb ratio ( Dining table 9 ). Examples E13 and you will E11 expose much the same values that may associate that have a familiar put. Outcomes for the rest about three products (H12, G10 and F11, Fig 18 ) slightly vary from it very first classification, what supporting the fresh exploitation various copper info. Interestingly, samples out-of Los angeles Bauma follow the same pattern than simply earlier northeastern samples analysed, answering a current pit ( Fig 18 ), perhaps proving that most nutritional elements used originated in this place.
Dining table nine
From provenance and you will because we are talking about slag levels here, one should check out the prospective lead contribution regarding around three head types of slag formation: i.elizabeth. the brand new ceramic paste, the new copper ore together with fuel. Rademakers mais aussi al. show that crucibles made from Pb-steeped silt (20–1500ppm Pb regarding porcelain paste) make a difference to lead isotopic arrangements of its slags layers. However, this pollution is expected becoming lesser when Pb-bad clay–or stamina–is employed and particularly in the event that Pb-steeped ores was smelted. Into matter-of Los angeles Bauma, the copper ores recognized in the Northeast and you may sensed because the prospective supplies here (except for Turquesa exploit) keeps significant amounts of lead, a number of them are indeed Cu-Pb minerals [54, 58]. Hence, even after not having shade element composition of the ceramic pastes otherwise encompassing clays, it is assumed that head direct contribution to the slag would-be regarding brand new copper ore, and this it might be you can to suit Los angeles Bauma products to your local mining areas.
The well-known Molar-Bellmunt-Falset (MBF) mining district (Tarragona province) must be discarded, as well as most of the Catalan Coastal Range isotopically characterised so far, as the available data differ from the archaeological samples (values <2.095 in 208 Pb/ 206 Pb or <18.4 in 206 Pb/ 204 Pb). The closest concordance for two samples (H12 and G10) is observed with the Montsant area (Tarragona province) ( Fig 19 ). Remarkably, Solana del Bepo mine, that is within this area, has highly similar values to H12 in all scatterplots of Fig 19 . The extensive study of this mine has evidenced its exploitation in prehistoric times. Other samples from Cova de l'Heura and possibly Vapor Gorina (see Evidence of crucible metallurgy in the Northeast: Bauma del Serrat del Pont and its contemporaneous assemblages) have also been linked to Solana del Bepo mine, although the fit of H12 within this isotopic field is clearer.
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